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Slavery in Ethiopia : ウィキペディア英語版
Slavery in Ethiopia

Slavery in Ethiopia has existed for centuries. The practice formed an integral part of the Afro-Asiatic-dominated Ethiopian society, from its earliest days through to the 20th century. Slaves were traditionally drawn from the Nilotic Shanqella populations inhabiting Ethiopia's southern hinterland. War captives were another source of slaves, though the perception, treatment and duties of these prisoners was markedly different. Slaves were also sold abroad as part of the Arab slave trade, serving as concubines, bodyguards, servants and treasurers. In response to pressure by Western Allies of World War II, Ethiopia officially abolished slavery and involuntary servitude after having regained its independence in 1942. On 26 August 1942, Haile Selassie issued a proclamation outlawing slavery.
==Overview==
(詳細はNilotic ethnic minorities, as well as other individuals with similarly pronounced "Negroid" physical features. Collectively, these groups are locally known as Shanqella or ''barya'', derogatory terms originally denoting slave descent, irrespective of the individual's family history.
Historically, the Shanqella constituted most of the slave labour in the ruling local Afro-Asiatic societies. The Abyssinians (Habesha highlanders) were also noted as having actively hunted the Shanqella during the 19th century. Following the abolition of the slave trade in the 1940s, the freed Shanqella and ''barya'' were typically employed as unskilled labour.〔
Traditionally, racism against perceived ''barya'' transcended class and remained in effect regardless of social position or parentage. Although other populations in Ethiopia also faced varying degrees of discrimination, little of that adversity was by contrast on account of racial differences. It was instead more typically rooted in disparities in class and competition for economic status. The Oromo and Gurage were thus, for example, not considered by the highlander groups as being racially ''barya'', owing to their similar physical features and common Afro-Asiatic ancestry.〔
In terms of traditional perceptions, the Shanqella likewise racially contrast themselves from the Afro-Asiatic populations. The Anywaa (Anuak) Nilotes of southern Ethiopia consequently regard the Amhara, Oromo, Tigray and other Afro-Asiatic groups collectively as ''gaala'' ("red") in contradistinction to themselves.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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